Outcome-dependent sampling designs are strategic methodologies in longitudinal research that prioritise the selection of study subjects based on observed outcomes. Rather than relying on random ...

Cochran (1977) outlines eleven steps in the planning of a survey. Good sampling methods must exist in the environment of all of these steps. These steps are (1) a statement of the survey objectives, ...

Ali Hussain has a background that consists of a career in finance with large financial institutions and in journalism covering business. Vikki Velasquez is a researcher and writer who has managed, ...

Well-known concepts in statistical inference and sampling theory are used to develop recommendations for planning and analyzing the results of quantitative surveys of freshwater mollusks. Two methods ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. Author’s note: Early in my engineering career, I accepted a research project to characterize light transmission ...